All of the models are variations on what is usually called 'the Pastoral Cycle.' They all employ an 'action-reflection' model of adult learning. Whilst different models use slightly different labels, the basic steps of the reflection process are reasonably clear.

However, the simplicity of the diagrams should not disguise the fact that real challenges have to be faced if the reflection is to become, genuinely theological. Each model assumes that the person or group engaged in reflection will have a reasonable working knowledge of the Bible and Christian theology. Without such a familiarity with the Bible and theology, it becomes more difficult to 'make connections', and to develop a Christian perspective on various topics.

Theology as a three-way conversation. Theological reflection clearly begins in the 'culture' circle, by reflecting upon human experience, within the context of contemporary culture. Such reflections take on a theological dimension as we listen to, and interact with, the voices of Scripture and the Great Tradition of the Christian faith.

Further material about theological reflection can be found in:
Laurie Green Let's Do Theology (London: Mowbray, 1990).
Paul Ballard and John Pritchard, Practical Theology in Action (London: SPCK, 20062), chapters 6 to11.
Stephen Pattison, 'Some Straw for the Bricks: A Basic Introduction to Theological Reflection,' in
James Woodward and Stephen Pattison, (eds), The Blackwell Reader in Pastoral and Practical Theology (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), 135-145.